Space exploration is set to begin 2026 with a significant international mission as SpaceX prepares to launch a Falcon 9 rocket carrying Italy’s advanced radar satellite into orbit. The mission will mark one of the first major orbital launches of the year and highlights growing global cooperation in space-based Earth observation and security.
The flight will deploy CSG-3, a powerful radar satellite designed to monitor Earth in all weather conditions, including through dense cloud cover. The mission also represents another milestone in SpaceX’s reusable rocket programme, with the Falcon 9 booster attempting yet another precision landing shortly after launch.
Falcon 9 to Carry Italy’s CSG-3 Satellite Into Orbit
The mission will use a Falcon 9 rocket to place CSG-3, a 2,200-kilogram X-band radar satellite, into a sun-synchronous orbit at approximately 619 kilometres above Earth. This type of orbit allows the satellite to pass over the same part of the planet at the same local solar time, making it ideal for consistent imaging and long-term monitoring.
CSG-3 is part of Italy’s second-generation COSMO-SkyMed Earth observation system, which plays a key role in both civilian and defence operations.
Built for All-Weather Earth Monitoring
The satellite has been built by Thales Alenia Space for the Italian Space Agency in partnership with Italy’s Ministry of Defence. Unlike optical satellites, radar satellites such as CSG-3 can see through clouds and operate day and night, making them especially valuable during natural disasters.
Once operational, CSG-3 will support:
- Disaster response during floods, earthquakes, and landslides
- Environmental monitoring and climate analysis
- Coastal and maritime surveillance
- Strategic and defence-related observation
Officials say the satellite will significantly improve Italy’s ability to respond quickly to emergencies by providing reliable, high-resolution data regardless of weather conditions.
A Key Reusable Booster Mission for SpaceX
Beyond the satellite itself, the launch is also notable for SpaceX’s reusable rocket technology. The Falcon 9 first-stage booster assigned to this mission, B1081, will be flying for the 21st time, underlining how frequently SpaceX now reuses its hardware.
After separating from the upper stage and deploying the payload, the booster is expected to attempt a landing at Landing Zone 4 roughly 13 minutes after liftoff. Successful landings are now routine for SpaceX, but each reuse further reduces launch costs and turnaround time.
Launch Conditions and Weather Challenges
As with any orbital mission, weather remains a critical factor. Forecasters have flagged possible issues such as cloud cover and wind shear, which could affect launch timing. However, SpaceX teams are known for carefully managing narrow launch windows, especially for sun-synchronous orbits that require precise timing.
If conditions cooperate, the launch could also produce a visually striking phenomenon known as a “jellyfish plume.” This glowing exhaust cloud can appear in the sky when rocket emissions are illuminated by sunlight at high altitude, even after sunset.
Spectacle Visible Across the Pacific Coast
If the jellyfish plume forms, it could be visible across a wide region, from Los Angeles to Hawaii, depending on atmospheric conditions. Previous Falcon 9 launches have created similar displays that captured public attention and went viral on social media.
SpaceX plans to broadcast the mission live, with its webcast expected to begin shortly before liftoff, allowing space enthusiasts worldwide to follow the launch and landing in real time.
Strengthening Global Space Cooperation
This mission reflects the deepening relationship between SpaceX and international space agencies. Over recent years, SpaceX has launched satellites for governments and organisations across Europe, Asia, and the Americas, becoming a key player in the global launch market.
For Italy, partnering with SpaceX provides reliable access to space while ensuring its critical observation systems remain up to date. For SpaceX, missions like CSG-3 reinforce Falcon 9’s reputation as one of the world’s most dependable and cost-effective launch vehicles.
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Why This Mission Matters
The launch of CSG-3 is more than a routine satellite deployment. It highlights how modern space missions now serve multiple purposes scientific, humanitarian, and strategic. Radar satellites play a vital role in saving lives during disasters, improving environmental protection, and supporting national security.
At the same time, the mission showcases how reusable rockets are reshaping the economics of spaceflight. A booster flying its 21st mission would have been unthinkable a decade ago, yet it is now part of SpaceX’s standard operations.
A Strong Start to Spaceflight in 2026
As 2026 begins, the Falcon 9 CSG-3 mission sets the tone for another busy year in orbit. With international partnerships, advanced satellite technology, and proven reusable rockets, the launch underlines how rapidly spaceflight is evolving.
If successful, the mission will not only expand Italy’s Earth-observation capabilities but also reinforce SpaceX’s position at the forefront of global space launch services combining cutting-edge engineering with spectacular sights in the sky.
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