A Historic Milestone Celebrated Across India
India on Wednesday observed the 150th birth anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa Munda, one of the most revered tribal freedom fighters and social reformers in the country. The commemoration, held under the banner of Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas, transformed into a nationwide celebration of tribal pride, cultural legacy, and historical remembrance. From the national capital to remote Adivasi-dominated regions, the day witnessed vibrant ceremonies, official programs, cultural performances, and community gatherings honouring the life and struggles of the iconic 19th-century leader.
The event also marked the culmination of the government’s year-long initiative, Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh, launched to highlight the contributions of tribal freedom fighters and ensure wider recognition of their sacrifices.
National Leaders Lead Tributes to the Tribal Icon
In New Delhi, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, President Droupadi Murmu, and Vice President C.P. Radhakrishnan led the nation in paying homage to the revolutionary who inspired millions through his defiance of British colonial rule. Special prayer meetings, public addresses, and commemorative exhibitions were organised at Raj Bhavan, President House, and other government venues.
President Murmu, herself hailing from the Santhal tribal community, described Birsa Munda as “a beacon of hope, courage, and dignity for every Adivasi family in India.” She emphasised how Munda’s leadership challenged oppressive systems and advocated for the rights of tribal communities long before the freedom struggle gained national momentum.
Prime Minister Modi referred to Birsa Munda’s uprising famously known as Ulgulan (The Great Tumult)—as “one of the earliest and fiercest expressions of India’s quest for freedom and self-respect.” He highlighted that Munda’s fight for land rights, forest protection, and cultural autonomy remains deeply relevant today.
Events Across States Put Spotlight on Tribal Culture and History
Across Jharkhand Birsa Munda’s birthplace thousands of people participated in celebrations, turning the day into a festival of remembrance and gratitude. Ranchi, Khunti, and Singhbhum witnessed large processions, folk dance performances, and public gatherings as community members honoured their “Dharti Aba” (Father of the Earth).
Jharkhand: The Heart of the Celebrations
At the historic Birsa Munda Memorial in Ranchi, state leaders and Union ministers offered floral tributes, while cultural troupes performed traditional Munda and Oraon dance forms. A special exhibition showcased archival photographs, rare manuscripts, and artefacts from Birsa’s life, drawing thousands of visitors.
Schools, colleges, and universities organised essay competitions, seminars, and theatre performances to help younger generations understand Munda’s role in shaping tribal identity.
Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh: Focus on Social Welfare Initiatives
In Gujarat, the Vice President attended a significant program highlighting tribal development schemes, welfare projects, and new policy commitments aimed at uplifting marginalised Adivasi communities. Similar events were held in Madhya Pradesh, where cultural festivals and food fairs celebrated tribal heritage and traditional livelihoods.
Northeastern States Join in the Observances
Tribal communities in the northeastern states including Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, and Mizoram held inter-community gatherings and cultural parades honouring Birsa Munda and other lesser-known indigenous heroes.
A Legacy Rooted in Resistance, Rights, and Social Reform
Bhagwan Birsa Munda, born on 15 November 1875 in Ulihatu village (now in Jharkhand), emerged as a charismatic young leader who mobilised Adivasi communities against land exploitation and British oppression. His movement opposed the forced occupation of tribal lands by zamindars, missionaries, and British administrators.
The Ulgulan revolt, led by Birsa between 1894 and 1900, championed demands such as:
- Restoration of tribal land ownership
- Protection of forests and natural resources
- Recognition of tribal identity and customary laws
- Resistance against forced labour and oppressive taxes
Though Birsa Munda died at the young age of 25 while imprisoned by the British, his legacy survived through legislative and social reforms. His efforts eventually led to the enactment of the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (CNT Act), which is still considered one of the strongest legal protections for tribal land rights in India.
Government Launches Welfare Programs Benefiting Over 10 Crore Adivasis
With over 100 million tribal citizens across the country, Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas has become a key platform for promoting development initiatives aimed at historically marginalised groups. This year, several new programs and schemes were launched as part of the government’s commitment to inclusive growth.
Major Initiatives Announced
1. New Tribal Research Centers:
Dedicated institutes will document Adivasi history, languages, folklore, and cultural practices, ensuring their preservation for future generations.
2. Expanded Forest Rights Implementation:
Several states pledged to accelerate the processing of forest rights claims under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), aimed at granting land titles and community rights.
3. Healthcare and Education Schemes:
Mobile medical units, hostels for tribal students, and scholarships were announced to bridge socio-economic gaps.
4. Economic Empowerment Programs:
A new initiative promoting minor forest produce (MFP) trade aims to increase tribal incomes and support self-reliance among forest-dependent communities.
5. Digital Literacy Drives:
Efforts to expand internet access and digital education in remote tribal regions gained renewed momentum.
Cultural Revival Takes Center Stage
In addition to political and social programs, Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas 2025 placed strong emphasis on cultural revival. Traditional musical instruments, indigenous art forms, handicrafts, herbal medicines, and forest cuisine were highlighted through fairs and exhibitions.
Artists from Munda, Santhal, Gond, Bhil, Khasi, Mizo, Bodo, and other communities performed across major cities and rural districts. Many events featured:
- Jhumur and Chhau dance performances
- Handloom and craft stalls
- Storytelling sessions by tribal elders
- Folk songs narrating Birsa’s struggles
- Demonstrations of traditional agricultural techniques
The celebrations reflected a broader effort to ensure that the vibrancy of tribal culture is recognised as an integral part of India’s national heritage.
Political Leaders Offer Bipartisan Support to Tribal Empowerment
Leaders from various political parties, social movements, and advocacy groups issued statements acknowledging Birsa Munda’s contributions and promising to strengthen support for tribal welfare. Many emphasised the importance of protecting tribal lands, forests, and traditional rights at a time when issues such as displacement, mining expansion, and environmental concerns continue to affect these communities.
Non-governmental organisations working in tribal belts also reminded the public of the need for continued policy reforms, enhanced education access, and stronger legal protections.
Youth Engagement Emerges as a Key Highlight
One of the most inspiring aspects of the celebrations was the active participation of young people especially students, activists, and community volunteers. Across universities, social media platforms, and local events, youth groups organised awareness drives on:
- Tribal history and heritage
- Environmental conservation
- Indigenous languages and scripts
- Sustainable rural livelihoods
Their involvement signaled a renewed interest in understanding India’s diverse cultural landscape and acknowledging the contributions of lesser-known freedom fighters.
A Day of Pride, Reflection, and Renewed Commitment
As the nation observed Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas 2025, the celebrations went beyond commemorating a past hero. They served as a reminder of India’s responsibility to protect its indigenous communities, safeguard their cultural identity, and address the socio-economic challenges they continue to face.
The 150th anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa Munda brought together leaders, citizens, and communities with a unified message: India’s growth story remains incomplete unless it includes and uplifts its tribal population.
A Legacy That Continues to Inspire
The life of Bhagwan Birsa Munda though brief shaped centuries of tribal resistance and empowerment. His courage in confronting injustice, his fight for dignity and equality, and his belief in self-reliance continue to guide India’s approach to tribal welfare.
As the country moves forward, the values he championed remain vital for building a more equal, inclusive, and just society. Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas not only honours the memory of a great leader but also reinforces the ongoing mission to ensure that every Adivasi community thrives with security, respect, and opportunity.
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